Gingivitis is a common and mild form of gum disease (periodontal disease) that causes irritation, redness, and swelling (inflammation) of your gums. It’s usually caused by poor oral hygiene that encourages plaque to form on teeth, leading to gum infection. Gingivitis is typically reversible with good oral care, including brushing, flossing, and regular dental check-ups.
In the early stages, gingivitis may cause few noticeable symptoms. However, as the condition progresses, the gums may become red, swollen, and bleed easily when brushing or flossing. If not treated, gingivitis can advance to more serious gum disease, known as periodontitis, which can lead to tooth loss and other complications.
The main cause of gingivitis is plaque buildup on the teeth and gums, but other factors may contribute, such as smoking, poor nutrition, or certain medical conditions that affect the immune system, like diabetes. Hormonal changes during pregnancy, menstruation, or menopause can also increase the risk of gingivitis. Additionally, medications that reduce saliva flow and certain health conditions, like HIV/AIDS or cancer treatments, may make the gums more susceptible to infection.
Preventing gingivitis involves maintaining a regular oral hygiene routine, including brushing at least twice a day, flossing daily, and visiting the dentist for professional cleanings and check-ups.
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