Dental calculus, also known as tartar, is a hardened form of dental plaque that develops on teeth and under the gumline when plaque is not removed through regular brushing and flossing. Plaque is a soft, sticky film of bacteria that naturally forms on the teeth after eating or drinking, especially foods high in sugars and starches. If plaque remains on the teeth for an extended period, minerals from saliva, particularly calcium and phosphate, cause it to calcify and harden into calculus.
There are two main types of dental calculus:
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Supragingival calculus – Found above the gumline, usually near the salivary gland ducts.
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Subgingival calculus – Located below the gumline, often more difficult to detect and can contribute to gum disease.
Why is dental calculus a concern?
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It provides a rough surface that further plaque can easily adhere to.
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It contributes to the development of gingivitis and periodontitis (gum diseases).
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It can cause bad breath, tooth discoloration, and receding gums.
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It cannot be removed by brushing or flossing once it forms; only professional dental cleaning can remove it.
Prevention tips include good oral hygiene (brushing twice daily, flossing), regular dental visits, reducing sugary foods, and possibly using tartar-control toothpaste or mouthwash.
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