What is bruxism (teeth grinding)_

Bruxism is a condition characterized by the involuntary or habitual grinding, clenching, or gnashing of teeth. It can occur while awake (awake bruxism) or during sleep (sleep bruxism), and often happens unconsciously. Sleep bruxism is classified as a sleep-related movement disorder, while awake bruxism is usually linked to emotional states like stress, anxiety, or concentration.

Key Features of Bruxism:

• Teeth Grinding or Clenching: Often loud enough during sleep to be heard by a partner.

• Worn Tooth Enamel: Over time, teeth may appear flattened, chipped, or loose.

• Jaw Pain or Tightness: Particularly after waking up or following long periods of concentration.

• Tooth Sensitivity: Due to enamel wear and exposure of dentin.

• Headaches and Earaches: Tension from clenching can radiate pain to surrounding areas.

• Damage to Dental Work: Fillings, crowns, and other dental appliances may become damaged.

Causes and Risk Factors:

• Stress and Anxiety: One of the most common triggers, especially for awake bruxism.

• Sleep Disorders: Such as sleep apnea or snoring.

• Medications: Certain antidepressants and psychoactive drugs can contribute.

• Lifestyle Factors: High caffeine or alcohol consumption, smoking, and recreational drug use.

• Malocclusion: Misaligned teeth may play a role in some cases.

Diagnosis and Treatment:

Bruxism is often diagnosed during routine dental exams, where wear patterns or jaw tenderness may be noted. In some cases, sleep studies or bite recordings are used for confirmation.

Treatment options include:

• Mouthguards/Nightguards: Custom-fitted appliances worn during sleep to protect teeth.

• Stress Management: Cognitive-behavioral therapy, relaxation techniques, or biofeedback.

• Dental Correction: In cases of severe malocclusion, orthodontic treatment may help.

• Medication: Muscle relaxants, Botox injections, or anxiety-reducing medications.

If untreated, bruxism can lead to significant dental damage, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, and chronic facial pain.

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