A root canal is a dental procedure used to treat infection or damage in the pulp—the soft tissue inside a tooth that contains nerves and blood vessels. Here’s what happens during a typical root canal procedure:
1. Examination and Diagnosis
The dentist examines the tooth, often taking X-rays to assess the extent of the damage or infection in the pulp and the surrounding bone.
2. Local Anesthesia
A local anesthetic is administered to numb the area around the affected tooth, ensuring the patient feels little to no pain during the procedure.
3. Isolation of the Tooth
The dentist places a rubber dam around the tooth to keep it dry and free of saliva during the procedure.
4. Access Opening
An opening is made in the crown (top) of the tooth to reach the pulp chamber and root canals.
5. Removal of Infected Pulp
The dentist removes the diseased or dead pulp tissue from inside the tooth using specialized tools.
6. Cleaning and Shaping
The empty root canals are cleaned, disinfected, and shaped to prepare them for filling. This step ensures all bacteria and debris are removed to prevent further infection.
7. Filling the Canals
Once clean and dry, the canals are filled with a biocompatible material, typically gutta-percha, to seal them and prevent reinfection.
8. Temporary or Permanent Filling
A temporary filling is placed to close the access opening. Later, a permanent filling or a crown is added to restore the tooth’s structure and function.
9. Crown Placement (if needed)
If the tooth is weakened or at risk of fracture, a crown may be placed over it during a follow-up visit to provide additional protection.
Aftercare and Recovery
Some soreness or mild discomfort is normal for a few days after the procedure. Over-the-counter pain relievers are usually sufficient, and most patients return to normal activities shortly afterward.
A successful root canal allows patients to preserve their natural tooth, maintain proper chewing function, and avoid the need for extraction.
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