Sores from dentures

Wearing dentures is a common solution for individuals who have lost some or all of their natural teeth. However, denture wearers may experience discomfort or oral health issues, particularly the development of sores in the mouth. Denture sores, also referred to as pressure sores or denture ulcers, can significantly impact daily activities such as eating, speaking, and smiling. Understanding their causes, symptoms, and treatment options is essential for maintaining good oral health and improving the overall experience of wearing dentures.

Causes of Denture Sores

1. Ill-Fitting Dentures:
The most common cause of denture sores is poor fit. When dentures do not align properly with the gums or bone structure, they can create pressure points. Over time, these areas of friction can lead to sore spots and ulcers. As the shape of the mouth changes due to bone resorption, dentures that once fit well can become misaligned.

2. Prolonged Wear Without Breaks:
Wearing dentures for extended periods without giving the gums time to rest can also cause irritation. Denture wearers are advised to remove their prostheses at night to allow the tissues to recover.

3. Poor Oral Hygiene:
Improper cleaning of dentures and the mouth can lead to bacterial or fungal growth, particularly Candida albicans, which may cause denture stomatitis—a type of inflammation that often leads to painful sores and redness.

4. Allergic Reactions or Material Sensitivity:
Some individuals may have allergic reactions to the materials used in dentures, such as acrylic resins or metal components. This sensitivity can cause irritation and the development of sores.

5. Sharp Edges or Fractures in Dentures:
Chipped or broken dentures can have sharp edges that irritate or cut the soft tissues in the mouth. Even a small crack can become a source of repeated trauma, leading to persistent sores.

6. Nutritional Deficiencies:
A lack of essential nutrients, particularly iron, folate, or vitamin B12, can weaken the immune system and make the mouth more susceptible to ulcerations and sores.

7. Underlying Medical Conditions:
Systemic conditions such as diabetes, immune disorders, and dry mouth (xerostomia) can increase the risk of developing denture sores due to reduced healing capacity and increased vulnerability to infections.

Common Symptoms of Denture Sores

• Red, inflamed areas beneath the denture

• Pain or burning sensation while eating or talking

• Small ulcers or lesions on the gums, tongue, or inner cheeks

• White patches (in case of fungal infections)

• Bleeding or cracked corners of the mouth (angular cheilitis)

• Difficulty keeping dentures in place due to pain

If these symptoms persist for more than a few days or worsen, it is important to seek evaluation from a dental professional.

Treatment Options for Denture Sores

1. Adjusting or Replacing Dentures:
A dentist can adjust the fit of the dentures by relining or rebasing them. In some cases, a new set may be necessary to better conform to the contours of the mouth.

2. Use of Denture Cushions or Liners:
Soft liners or cushions can be placed inside the denture to reduce friction and distribute pressure more evenly. These are especially helpful for patients with sensitive gum tissues or prominent bone ridges.

3. Oral Hygiene Measures:
Proper cleaning of both the dentures and the mouth is critical. This includes:

• Brushing the dentures with a denture-specific brush and non-abrasive cleanser

• Soaking them overnight in a denture-cleaning solution

• Brushing the gums, tongue, and palate with a soft-bristled toothbrush

4. Antifungal or Antibacterial Medications:
If the sores are due to infections, such as candidiasis, a dentist may prescribe antifungal creams, lozenges, or mouth rinses. Bacterial infections may require antibiotic treatment.

5. Pain Relief:
Over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help manage discomfort. Topical anesthetics such as benzocaine may provide temporary relief when applied directly to sore areas.

6. Diet Modifications:
Switching to a soft diet can help minimize irritation. Avoiding spicy, acidic, or crunchy foods can prevent further aggravation of sore spots.

7. Saliva Substitutes for Dry Mouth:
For individuals suffering from xerostomia, artificial saliva or saliva-stimulating products can help keep the mouth moist and reduce friction caused by dentures.

Preventive Measures

Regular Dental Checkups:
Routine dental visits are essential to monitor the fit and condition of dentures. A dentist can identify early signs of wear or fit issues before they result in sores.

Proper Denture Maintenance:
Always remove dentures before sleeping and clean them daily. Never use hot water to clean dentures, as it can warp the material and affect the fit.

Gradual Adjustment Period:
New denture wearers should gradually increase wear time, allowing their mouths to adjust. Initially, wearing them for short periods and gradually increasing duration can reduce the risk of sores.

Avoiding Adhesives as a Substitute for Poor Fit:
Denture adhesives should not be used to compensate for ill-fitting dentures. While they may offer temporary relief, they do not address the underlying problem and may even exacerbate sores.

Staying Hydrated and Eating a Balanced Diet:
Drinking plenty of water and maintaining a nutrient-rich diet supports oral tissue health and aids in healing any minor injuries in the mouth.

When to See a Dentist

It is important not to ignore denture sores, especially if they:

• Persist beyond one week

• Are accompanied by fever or signs of infection

• Bleed continuously or show no signs of healing

• Cause significant pain interfering with daily activities

Persistent sores can lead to more serious issues, including oral infections or, in rare cases, oral cancer. A thorough examination by a dental professional can ensure that the root cause is identified and appropriately treated.

Conclusion

Denture sores are a common but manageable issue for many denture wearers. Recognizing the causes, practicing good oral hygiene, maintaining proper denture care, and seeking timely dental intervention can significantly reduce the risk of developing sores and enhance the overall comfort and function of dentures. Taking proactive steps not only improves oral health but also contributes to greater confidence and quality of life for individuals relying on dentures for everyday functionality.