Removable vs fixed bridges

When considering dental restoration options, two of the most common choices are removable and fixed bridges. These devices are designed to replace missing teeth, but they differ significantly in terms of functionality, maintenance, and overall design. Understanding the differences between removable and fixed bridges can help patients make an informed decision based on their specific dental needs.

What is a Dental Bridge?

A dental bridge is a prosthetic device used to replace one or more missing teeth. It essentially “bridges” the gap created by the missing tooth or teeth. A dental bridge is typically anchored to the adjacent healthy teeth, which serve as support for the restoration.

Fixed Bridges

A fixed bridge is a non-removable dental appliance that is cemented permanently into place. The procedure for placing a fixed bridge typically involves preparing the neighboring teeth by reducing their size so that crowns can be placed over them. These crowns act as anchors for the bridge, holding it in position.

Types of Fixed Bridges

1. Traditional Bridge: This is the most common type of fixed bridge, consisting of a false tooth (or pontic) held in place by crowns on the adjacent teeth.

2. Cantilever Bridge: This type of bridge is used when there is only one adjacent tooth available for support. The pontic is anchored to a single crown.

3. Maryland Bridge: This bridge involves a false tooth that is bonded to the back of the adjacent teeth with metal or porcelain wings. It’s typically used when the adjacent teeth are healthy and the gap is not too large.

Advantages of Fixed Bridges

• Stability: Fixed bridges offer a more stable solution compared to removable ones because they are cemented into place.

• Natural Appearance: Fixed bridges are custom-made to blend seamlessly with natural teeth, providing a more aesthetic and natural look.

• Functionality: Fixed bridges allow patients to chew and speak with confidence, as they are securely anchored.

• Durability: With proper care, fixed bridges can last 10 to 15 years or longer.

Disadvantages of Fixed Bridges

• Invasive Procedure: The process involves modifying the adjacent healthy teeth, which means they must be reduced in size to accommodate crowns.

• Cost: Fixed bridges are often more expensive due to the materials and time involved in creating and installing them.

• Potential for Damage: Although fixed bridges are durable, the anchor teeth may become compromised over time due to wear or decay.

Removable Bridges

Removable bridges, also known as partial dentures, are designed to be taken out of the mouth for cleaning and maintenance. These bridges are usually made from a combination of acrylic and metal and can replace one or more missing teeth. They are supported by the surrounding teeth, but unlike fixed bridges, they are not permanently attached.

Types of Removable Bridges

1. Partial Denture: This is a removable bridge used when some of the teeth are missing. It consists of a framework that holds one or more artificial teeth, which are supported by the remaining natural teeth.

2. Flexible Partial Denture: A more comfortable and lightweight option made from a flexible, durable material, typically used when aesthetics and comfort are prioritized.

Advantages of Removable Bridges

• Non-invasive: Removable bridges do not require the adjacent teeth to be altered or reduced in size.

• Cost-effective: Generally, removable bridges are less expensive compared to fixed bridges.

• Ease of Maintenance: Because removable bridges can be taken out for cleaning, it’s easier to maintain oral hygiene compared to fixed bridges.

• Versatility: They can replace a wide range of missing teeth and can be adjusted over time if necessary.

Disadvantages of Removable Bridges

• Stability: Removable bridges may not be as secure or stable as fixed bridges, which can sometimes affect speech and eating.

• Aesthetics: While modern removable bridges can look natural, they often don’t match the seamless appearance of fixed bridges, especially if the metal framework is visible.

• Discomfort: Some patients may experience discomfort or irritation from the clasps or the pressure applied to the gums.

• Maintenance: Removable bridges require regular cleaning and care, and they must be removed at night.

Key Differences Between Removable and Fixed Bridges

1. Stability: Fixed bridges are permanently attached, offering superior stability, while removable bridges can move or feel loose, which may affect comfort and confidence.

2. Appearance: Fixed bridges generally provide a more natural and seamless look compared to removable ones, which may have visible clasps or bulky parts.

3. Procedure: Fixed bridges require significant alteration of adjacent teeth, while removable bridges do not, making them a less invasive option.

4. Cost: Fixed bridges are typically more expensive due to the materials and the invasive procedure required, whereas removable bridges are generally more affordable.

5. Longevity: Fixed bridges can last longer with proper care, whereas removable bridges may need to be replaced or adjusted more frequently over time.

Which Option is Right for You?

The decision between a removable or fixed bridge depends on various factors, including the health of the adjacent teeth, the number of missing teeth, budget, and patient preferences. A dentist will assess your oral health and discuss the best option for your specific situation.

For individuals with healthy adjacent teeth and a desire for long-term stability, a fixed bridge may be the best choice. However, if the adjacent teeth need minimal alteration or the patient is looking for a more affordable and flexible option, a removable bridge could be the preferred solution.

Regardless of which type of bridge you choose, it’s essential to follow your dentist’s advice on maintenance and care to ensure the longevity and success of the restoration. Regular check-ups and proper hygiene practices will help keep your bridge in good condition for years to come.