How to Grow and Care for Peonies

Peonies are beloved perennials known for their large, fragrant blooms and ability to thrive for decades with minimal care. They come in a variety of colors, including pink, white, red, and yellow, making them a stunning addition to any garden. Proper planting, care, and maintenance will ensure that these flowers flourish year after year.

Choosing the Right Peony Variety

Peonies are divided into three main types:

1. Herbaceous Peonies (Paeonia lactiflora) – These die back in winter and return each spring.

2. Tree Peonies (Paeonia suffruticosa) – These have woody stems and do not die back in winter.

3. Intersectional Peonies (Itoh Peonies) – A hybrid of herbaceous and tree peonies, they have the best characteristics of both.

Best Time and Place for Planting Peonies

• Planting Time: Fall is the ideal time for planting peonies, although early spring planting is also possible in colder climates.

• Sunlight: Peonies require at least 6-8 hours of full sun daily for optimal blooming.

• Soil Requirements: Well-draining, loamy soil with a pH between 6.5 and 7.5 is ideal. Avoid areas with standing water to prevent root rot.

How to Plant Peonies

1. Prepare the Soil – Work the soil at least 12 inches deep and enrich it with compost or well-rotted manure.

2. Spacing and Depth – Peonies should be planted 3-4 feet apart to allow airflow. Herbaceous peony tubers should be placed 1-2 inches below the soil surface, while tree peonies should be planted 2-3 inches deeper to encourage strong growth.

3. Watering After Planting – Water thoroughly after planting, ensuring the roots establish well.

Caring for Peonies

• Watering: Peonies need deep watering once a week, especially during dry spells. Overwatering can lead to root rot.

• Mulching: Apply a thin layer of organic mulch in winter to protect young plants but avoid covering the crown.

• Fertilizing: In early spring, apply a balanced fertilizer (10-10-10) or compost to encourage growth. Avoid high-nitrogen fertilizers, which promote foliage over blooms.

Supporting Peony Growth

• Peonies often need staking or support to prevent heavy blooms from drooping. Use peony rings or stake individual stems to keep flowers upright.

• Deadheading spent blooms helps redirect energy into root development rather than seed production.

Common Peony Problems and Solutions

1. Botrytis Blight – A fungal disease causing blackened stems and buds. Improve air circulation and remove infected parts immediately.

2. Powdery Mildew – White fungal patches on leaves can be treated with fungicides or by improving airflow.

3. Ants on Peonies – Ants are attracted to the nectar of peony buds but are not harmful. No treatment is necessary.

When and How to Divide Peonies

Peonies rarely need division, but if blooms decline, divide them in early fall:

• Dig up the root clump and gently separate tubers with at least 3-5 eyes per division.

• Replant them at the appropriate depth to ensure continued flowering.

Winter Care for Peonies

• Herbaceous peonies should be cut back to the ground after the first frost.

• Tree peonies should not be cut back; instead, mulch around the base to protect roots.

Enjoying Peonies for Years

Peonies are long-lived and can bloom for decades with proper care. Whether grown in gardens or used as cut flowers, their lush, fragrant blossoms will be a highlight each year. By following these guidelines, you can enjoy healthy and vibrant peonies in your landscape for generations.