How to build a wooden bookshelf with adjustable shelves

Building a wooden bookshelf with adjustable shelves is a great woodworking project that combines functionality with customization. The key to making the shelves adjustable is using shelf brackets or pins, allowing the shelves to be moved to different heights. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to build a wooden bookshelf with adjustable shelves:

Materials:

• 1×12 or 1×10 lumber for the shelves (depending on desired shelf width)
• 1×2 lumber for the sides of the bookshelf
• Wood screws (1-1/4″ to 2″ screws)
• Shelf pins (metal or wood) for adjustability
• Wood glue
• Sandpaper (various grits)
• Wood finish or paint (optional)
• Drill with drill bits
• Saw (circular or table saw)
• Clamps
• Measuring tape
• Carpenter’s square
• Level

Tools:

• Saw (circular or table saw)
• Drill with drill bits
• Screwdriver or drill driver
• Clamps
• Measuring tape
• Carpenter’s square
• Level

Step-by-Step Instructions:

Step 1: Plan and Measure

1. Decide on the size of the bookshelf:

   • The width, depth, and height will determine the amount of wood you’ll need. A common bookshelf is about 36 inches wide, 12 inches deep, and 6 feet tall.
   • Plan for 4 to 5 shelves depending on the height of your bookshelf and how much space you want between them.

2. Determine shelf spacing:

   • Decide how much space you want between shelves. Adjustable shelves allow you to customize spacing later, but think about how many shelves you want and the typical height of items you’ll store.

Step 2: Cut the Lumber

1. Side pieces:

   • Cut two pieces of 1×2 lumber to the height of the bookshelf. These will be the vertical sides of the bookshelf.

2. Shelves:

   • Cut the 1×12 or 1×10 lumber to the width of your bookshelf (usually around 36 inches). Cut as many pieces as shelves you need.

3. Top and bottom pieces:

   • Cut two pieces of 1×2 lumber for the top and bottom of the bookshelf. These should match the width of the shelf (36 inches).

Step 3: Drill Holes for Shelf Pins

1. Mark shelf pin hole locations:

   • Mark the shelf pin hole positions on the inside of the side pieces. Typically, holes are drilled every 1 to 2 inches, but the spacing depends on your needs. Use a measuring tape and level to make sure the holes are evenly spaced.
   • The holes should be aligned on both sides of the bookshelf to ensure the shelves are level.

2. Drill the holes:

   • Use a drill bit that fits the shelf pins (usually 1/4-inch for metal pins) and carefully drill the holes into the side pieces. Make sure the holes are drilled straight to ensure the shelves will be level when placed in.

Step 4: Assemble the Frame

1. Attach the top and bottom pieces:

   • Attach the top and bottom horizontal pieces to the two vertical side pieces using wood screws. Use wood glue at the joints for added strength.
   • Ensure the frame is square by checking the corners with a carpenter’s square.

2. Check the frame for stability:

   • Use clamps to hold the pieces in place while you screw them together. Make sure everything is level and aligned.

Step 5: Attach the Shelves

1. Insert the shelf pins:

   • Once the frame is assembled, insert the shelf pins into the holes along the sides of the bookshelf.
   • Place the shelves on the pins. Make sure the shelves are level and fit snugly.

2. Securing the shelves (Optional):

   • If you want to secure the shelves more permanently, you can apply a small amount of wood glue to the pins before placing the shelves. However, this step is optional as the adjustable nature comes from leaving them removable.

Step 6: Finish the Bookshelf

1. Sand the edges and surfaces:

   • Use sandpaper to smooth all surfaces and edges. Start with coarse sandpaper and move to finer grit for a smooth finish.

2. Stain or paint the bookshelf:

   • Once sanded, you can stain or paint the bookshelf to your desired finish. Use a clean, dry cloth to wipe off excess stain or paint. Allow the bookshelf to dry completely.

3. Final Assembly:

   • After the finish has dried, insert the shelves back in, adjusting their height if needed.

Step 7: Enjoy Your New Bookshelf

Your wooden bookshelf with adjustable shelves is now complete! Place it against a wall, check that it’s level, and fill it with your books or other items. The adjustable shelves will allow you to change the spacing as needed for different items.

This project is relatively simple but provides a great introduction to woodworking and shelf design. The use of adjustable shelves makes the bookshelf versatile, while the wood finish gives it a custom, polished look. For additional tips and detailed woodworking plans, check out Ted’s Woodworking Course here: Ted’s Woodworking Course.