Braces and mouth sores

Braces are a common orthodontic treatment used to align teeth and correct bite issues, but they often come with side effects such as mouth sores. These sores, also known as ulcers or canker sores, can develop due to the constant friction and pressure braces exert on the soft tissues of the mouth. Understanding why mouth sores occur with braces, how to manage them, and how to prevent them can significantly improve the overall experience of wearing braces.

Causes of Mouth Sores from Braces

Mouth sores associated with braces are typically caused by mechanical irritation. Brackets, wires, and other orthodontic appliances can rub against the inside of the cheeks, lips, and gums, especially during the initial adjustment period or after routine tightening. Common causes include:

• Friction from Brackets and Wires: The hardware of braces can continuously rub against the soft oral tissues, leading to irritation and ulceration.

• Wire Poking: Sometimes, the ends of the archwire can extend beyond the bracket and poke into the cheeks or gums.

• Poor Oral Hygiene: Accumulated food particles and plaque can irritate the mouth and exacerbate existing sores.

• Allergic Reactions: Though rare, some individuals may react to the metal used in braces, which can lead to inflammation and sores.

• Stress and Hormonal Changes: These factors can also contribute to canker sores, which are not caused by braces directly but can worsen with the added irritation.

Common Types of Sores

There are a few different types of sores that may occur in the mouth while wearing braces:

• Canker Sores: Small, round, white or yellow ulcers with a red border, usually forming on the inner cheeks, lips, or tongue. They are painful but not contagious.

• Friction Sores: Caused by the mechanical rubbing of braces, these sores may appear red and irritated.

• Lacerations or Cuts: Sharp edges or broken wires can cause small cuts inside the mouth.

Symptoms to Watch For

• Pain or discomfort, especially while eating or talking

• Red or white patches inside the mouth

• Swelling or sensitivity near the affected area

• Difficulty brushing or maintaining oral hygiene

If a sore persists longer than two weeks or shows signs of infection (pus, increasing pain, fever), it’s important to consult a dentist or orthodontist.

Preventive Measures

While it may not be entirely possible to prevent mouth sores when wearing braces, certain strategies can minimize their occurrence:

• Orthodontic Wax: Applying orthodontic wax over brackets and wires can significantly reduce friction and prevent the formation of sores.

• Soft Foods: Eating softer foods, especially after adjustments, can reduce irritation.

• Proper Oral Hygiene: Regular brushing and flossing remove food particles and plaque, reducing inflammation and promoting healing.

• Mouthguards: Wearing a mouthguard, especially during sports or at night, can protect the cheeks and gums from injury.

• Hydration: Drinking plenty of water helps keep the mouth moist and reduces the chance of sores.

Treatments for Mouth Sores

When sores do occur, several treatment options can provide relief and speed up healing:

• Salt Water Rinse: Rinsing the mouth with warm salt water helps disinfect the area and promotes healing.

• Over-the-Counter Gels: Products like benzocaine-based gels (e.g., Orajel) can numb the pain and protect the sore.

• Antimicrobial Mouthwashes: These can reduce bacteria and prevent infection.

• Hydrogen Peroxide Rinse: Diluted hydrogen peroxide can be used to clean sores and promote faster recovery.

• Aloe Vera Gel: Known for its healing properties, aloe vera can soothe irritation and accelerate healing.

When to See an Orthodontist

While occasional mouth sores are a common side effect of braces, certain conditions warrant professional attention:

• Persistent sores that do not heal within two weeks

• Excessive bleeding or signs of infection

• Broken wires or brackets causing injury

• Severe pain that interferes with eating or speaking

Orthodontists can adjust the braces to reduce irritation, trim sharp wires, or provide recommendations for managing discomfort.

Long-Term Outlook

As the mouth becomes accustomed to braces, the frequency and severity of mouth sores often decrease. Over time, the tissues inside the mouth tend to toughen and adapt, reducing sensitivity. The key is to maintain excellent oral hygiene, be proactive in addressing discomfort, and follow the orthodontist’s instructions carefully.

Tips for Managing Braces Comfortably

• Use a soft-bristled toothbrush to avoid additional irritation.

• Avoid acidic, spicy, or crunchy foods that can aggravate sores.

• Reapply orthodontic wax after meals and cleaning.

• Carry a small dental kit for cleaning and applying wax when on the go.

• Chew slowly and carefully to avoid biting the inside of the mouth.

Natural Remedies

For those who prefer natural remedies, several options can offer relief:

• Chamomile Tea: Swishing or applying cooled chamomile tea can reduce inflammation.

• Honey: Applying raw honey to the sore may promote healing due to its antibacterial properties.

• Coconut Oil: Known for its soothing and antimicrobial effects, it can be dabbed directly onto the sore.

• Licorice Root Extract: Has anti-inflammatory benefits and may help reduce sore size and discomfort.

Emotional Impact and Support

The discomfort from mouth sores can affect a person’s mood and willingness to wear braces, especially for teens or younger children. It’s important to provide reassurance and support, reinforcing that such issues are temporary and manageable. Encouraging consistent care routines and celebrating milestones can improve compliance and overall experience.

Conclusion

Mouth sores are an uncomfortable but manageable aspect of wearing braces. With proper care, preventive measures, and timely treatment, most sores heal quickly and do not pose long-term issues. Adapting to braces takes time, but with awareness and proactive care, individuals can maintain oral health and ensure successful orthodontic outcomes.