Tooth sensitivity, also known as dentin hypersensitivity, is a common dental condition characterized by a sharp, sudden pain or discomfort in one or more teeth in response to certain stimuli. These stimuli can include hot, cold, sweet, or acidic foods and drinks, as well as exposure to cold air or even brushing and flossing.
Tooth sensitivity occurs when the underlying layer of the tooth, called dentin, becomes exposed. Dentin contains tiny tubules that lead directly to the nerve of the tooth. When dentin loses its protective covering of enamel (on the crown) or cementum (on the root), these tubules become vulnerable to external stimuli, triggering nerve irritation and pain.
Common causes of tooth sensitivity include:
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Worn tooth enamel due to aggressive brushing or abrasive toothpaste
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Tooth decay or cavities
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Gum recession, exposing the root surfaces
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Cracked or chipped teeth
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Teeth grinding (bruxism)
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Recent dental treatments, such as whitening or fillings
Treatment options vary depending on the cause and severity and may involve desensitizing toothpaste, fluoride treatments, dental bonding, or gum grafts in severe cases.
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